查看“Python 目录管理”的源代码

==引入模块==
 import os
==具体操作==
===查看当前目录===
 <nowiki>>>> os.getcwd()
'C:\\Users\\maxin\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37'
>>></nowiki> 

===创建目录===
os.mkdir(os.getcwd()+'\\temp')

创建多级目录 ？os.makedirs（r“c：\python\test”）

===切换目录===
>>> os.chdir(os.getcwd()+'\\temp')

>>> os.getcwd()

 'C:\\Users\\maxin\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python37\\temp'

>>> os.chdir('..')
===遍历目录内容===
>>> os.listdir('.')

 <nowiki>['DLLs', 'Doc', 'include', 'Lib', 'libs', 'LICENSE.txt', 'NEWS.txt', 'python.exe', 'python3.dll', 'python37.dll', 'pythonw.exe', 'Scripts', 'tcl', 'temp', 'Tools', 'vcruntime140.dll']</nowiki>

>>> [fname for fname in os.listdir('.')if fname.endswith(('.exe', '.txt'))]

 ['LICENSE.txt', 'NEWS.txt', 'python.exe', 'pythonw.exe']

>>> for fname in os.listdir('.'):

if fname.endswith(('.exe', '.txt')):

print(fname)

	    
 <nowiki>LICENSE.txt
NEWS.txt
python.exe
pythonw.exe</nowiki>

应用：[[Python实例：制作图片电子书]]

===遍历目录下所有子目录和文件===
====深度遍历====
 <nowiki>from os import listdir
from os.path import join, isfile, isdir

def listDirDepthFirst(directory):
    '''深度优先遍历文件夹'''
    #遍历文件夹，如果是文件就直接输出
    #如果是文件夹，就输出显示，然后递归遍历该文件夹
    for subPath in listdir(directory):
        path = join(directory, subPath)
        if isfile(path):
            print(path)
        elif isdir(path):
            print(path)
            listDirDepthFirst(path)</nowiki>

====广度遍历====
下面的代码使用了广度优先遍历方法。

 <nowiki>from os import listdir
 from os.path import join, isfile, isdir

def listDirWidthFirst(directory):
    '''广度优先遍历文件夹'''
    #使用列表模拟双端队列，效率稍微受影响，不过关系不大
    dirs = [directory]#这个directory就是列表的第一个元素
    #如果还有没遍历过的文件夹，继续循环
    while dirs:
        #遍历还没遍历过的第一项
        current = dirs.pop(0)
        #遍历该文件夹，如果是文件就直接输出显示
        #如果是文件夹，输出显示后，标记为待遍历项
        for subPath in listdir(current):
            path = join(current, subPath)
            if isfile(path):
                print(path)
            elif isdir(path):
                print(path)
                dirs.append(path)
</nowiki>


===删除目录===
>>> os.listdir('.')

 <nowiki>['DLLs', 'Doc', 'include', 'Lib', 'libs', 'LICENSE.txt', 'NEWS.txt', 'python.exe', 'python3.dll', 'python37.dll', 'pythonw.exe', 'Scripts', 'tcl', 'temp', 'Tools', 'vcruntime140.dll']</nowiki>

>>> os.rmdir('temp')

>>> os.listdir('.')

 <nowiki>['DLLs', 'Doc', 'include', 'Lib', 'libs', 'LICENSE.txt', 'NEWS.txt', 'python.exe', 'python3.dll', 'python37.dll', 'pythonw.exe', 'Scripts', 'tcl', 'Tools', 'vcruntime140.dll']</nowiki>

===查看目录空间占用情况===
>>> os.path.getsize('pythonw.exe')

 98320

>>> for fname in os.listdir('.'):

	sub_path = os.path.join('.', fname)

	if os.path.isfile(sub_path):

		size =(os.path.getsize(sub_path))/1024 #换算成KB

		print(fname,":",size,"KB")

		
 <nowiki>LICENSE.txt : 29.48046875 KB
NEWS.txt : 703.82421875 KB
python.exe : 97.515625 KB
python3.dll : 57.515625 KB
python37.dll : 3663.015625 KB
pythonw.exe : 96.015625 KB
vcruntime140.dll : 87.6484375 KB</nowiki>

===比较两个目录===

==应用：统计目录占用空间==

 <nowiki>import os

totalSize = 0
fileNum = 0
dirNum = 0

def visitDir(path):
    global totalSize
    global fileNum
    global dirNum
    for lists in os.listdir(path):
        sub_path = os.path.join(path, lists)
        if os.path.isfile(sub_path):
            fileNum = fileNum+1                              #统计文件数量
            totalSize = totalSize+os.path.getsize(sub_path)  #统计文件总大小
        elif os.path.isdir(sub_path):
            dirNum = dirNum+1                                #统计文件夹数量
            visitDir(sub_path)                               #递归遍历子文件夹

def main(path):
    if not os.path.isdir(path):
        print('Error:"', path, '" is not a directory or does not exist.')
        return
    visitDir(path)

def sizeConvert(size):                                   #单位换算
    K, M, G = 1024, 1024**2, 1024**3
    if size >= G:
        return str(size/G)+'G Bytes'
    elif size >= M:
        return str(size/M)+'M Bytes'
    elif size >= K:
        return str(size/K)+'K Bytes'
    else:
        return str(size)+'Bytes'

def output(path):
    print('The total size of '+path+' is:'+sizeConvert(totalSize)
          +'('+str(totalSize)+' Bytes)')
    print('The total number of files in '+path+' is:',fileNum)
    print('The total number of directories in '+path+' is:',dirNum)

if __name__=='__main__':
    path = r'D:\teaching\自动化运维'
    main(path)
    output(path)
</nowiki>

==应用：复制空目录==
云盘备份：有的时候需要将云端的目录结构复制到本地