通过构造函数创建对象

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使用构造函数

本例使用构造函数来构造对象:

实例

function person(firstname,lastname,age,eyecolor)
{
    this.firstname=firstname;
    this.lastname=lastname;
    this.age=age;
    this.eyecolor=eyecolor;
}

在JavaScript中,this通常指向的是我们正在执行的函数本身,或者是指向该函数所属的对象(运行时)

创建 JavaScript 对象实例

一旦您有了对象构造器,就可以创建新的对象实例,就像这样:

var myFather=new person("John","Doe",50,"blue");
var myMother=new person("Sally","Rally",48,"green");

完整代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>

<script>
function person(firstname,lastname,age,eyecolor){
	this.firstname=firstname;
	this.lastname=lastname;
	this.age=age;
    this.eyecolor=eyecolor;
}
myFather=new person("John","Doe",50,"blue");
document.write(myFather.firstname + " is " + myFather.age + " years old.");
</script>

</body>
</html>

把属性添加到 JavaScript 对象

您可以通过为对象赋值,向已有对象添加新属性:

假设 person 对象已存在 - 您可以为其添加这些新属性:firstname、lastname、age 以及 eyecolor:

person.firstname="John";
person.lastname="Doe";
person.age=30;
person.eyecolor="blue";

x=person.firstname;

在以上代码执行后,x 的值将是:

John

把方法添加到 JavaScript 对象

方法只不过是附加在对象上的函数。

在构造器函数内部定义对象的方法:

function person(firstname,lastname,age,eyecolor)
{
    this.firstname=firstname;
    this.lastname=lastname;
    this.age=age;
    this.eyecolor=eyecolor;

    this.changeName=changeName;
    function changeName(name)
    {
        this.lastname=name;
    }
}

changeName() 函数 name 的值赋给 person 的 lastname 属性。

完整代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
</head>
<body>
<script>
function person(firstname,lastname,age,eyecolor){
    this.firstname=firstname;
    this.lastname=lastname;
    this.age=age;
    this.eyecolor=eyecolor;
    this.changeName=changeName;
	function changeName(name){
		this.lastname=name;
	}
}
myMother=new person("Sally","Rally",48,"green");
myMother.changeName("Doe");
document.write(myMother.lastname);
</script>

</body>
</html>